What Are Solubility and Chemical Reactions?

What Are Solubility and Chemical Reactions?Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that involves chemical reactions that are governed by the laws of nature. These laws are called the 'equilibrium principles 'equilibrium thermodynamics'. The original rules of chemistry were formulated by the Greek philosopher, Archimedes. Archimedes proposed a set of rules for chemical reactions that do not contradict any known laws of nature and thus remained unaffected by years of development in chemistry.Solubility in an organic compound is determined by three factors, solubility, molecular weight and molecular arrangement. The solubility of a compound is a measure of its susceptibility to solute-induced movement in solution. A compound that is highly soluble is more susceptible to addition than a compound that is insoluble.The solubility of an organic compound in a solvent can be determined by determining the relative change in molecular density with increasing mole fractions. There are three k inds of concentrations of a solute, solute-dilution equilibrium, a dilute-solvation equilibrium and a mixed-solvation equilibrium. These conditions can be described using a single equation and are known as the Wilson equations. Solubility is affected by temperature, pressure, and solute, solvent and temperature interaction and can be expressed in terms of the Fischer or Wolf formula.Solubility can be measured using two-dimensional hydrodynamic, lateral, or volume measurements. There are two scales: the inorganic solute and organic solute.Solubility in a molar mass percent in aqueous solutions is calculated by using the coefficient of variation, the fraction of the change in molar concentration with increasing mole fractions. Solubility and chemical reaction are defined as the number of equivalent molecules of an element available in a solution divided by the mass of the ion, the molecular equivalent of the element, in the solution.Organic reaction is the complete biochemical reactio n of a non-living organism and can be defined as the total amount of energy released. It is also sometimes referred to as active bond, kinetic energy, bonding energy, reactions, or bonding process. Reaction rates can be measured by using a Kinetic Theory or mass balance.Reaction rate is the quantity of energy required to achieve a certain rate of change. It also refers to the speed at which the environment changes. Chemical reactions are very similar to physical processes in that they involve movement of atoms, subatomic particles, free molecules, or ions and generate energy (kinetic energy) as a result.Particle reactions, active and passive transfer reactions, equilibration and conformational reactions, solvation, interfacial state, coupling equilibrium, mean free path, molecular diffusion, solvent, mechanical properties, and interactions are all involved in chemical reactions. Certain chemical reactions require a catalyst to occur. A catalyst can be used to accelerate the reaction by binding to a molecule of the required reactant or by reacting with it directly.

The NFL Protests Were Never About the Military or Flag

The NFL Protests Were Never About the Military or Flag Baltimore Ravens players kneel during the national anthem before a game against the Jacksonville Jaguars at Wembley Stadium. Taken by Matt Dunham / AP. There has been a lot of heat generated around the topic of NFL players refusing to stand during the national anthem this past weekend; so much so that even President Trump called the players sons of bitches. I cant get two posts deep into my Facebook feed without seeing something about it on either side of the debate, and there seems to be one common thread that permeates every post and comment section: the debate that sitting/kneeling during the national anthem is or isnt disrespectful to our military, flag, and/or anthem. When I realized that this was the main debate surrounding the story, I couldnt help but think about how off-topic the conversation has become. The truth is, the players peaceful protest was never about the military or the flag or the anthem, but about rampant and systematic injustice seen in the United States today, specifically injustice related to race. Lets think back to the man that started the movement. When asked why he refused to stand for the national anthem during one of his football games back in 2016, Colin Kaepernick said, ultimately its to bring awareness and make people realize whats really going on in this country. There are a lot of things going on that are unjust and people arent being held accountable for, and thats something that needs to change. This country stands for freedom, liberty, justice for all, and its not happening for all right now. He went on to specify that police brutality against black Americans and the murder of black Americans by the hands of police officers and correctional officers was the center point of this peaceful protest.  This is not to insinuate that all deaths of black Americans by the hands of officers were unjust by any means. The deaths  of unarmed black Americans  that were suspicious and seemingly covered up were the focus, aka police brutality fueled by racism. In the same interview, Kaepernick was asked how he felt about the accusations that, because the American flag and the national anthem are symbols of the military, he was disrespecting the troops by refusing to stand. Kaepernick responded, I have great respect for men and women that have fought for this country. I have family and friends that have gone and fought for this country and they fight for freedom. They fight for the people, they fight for liberty and justice for everyone. And thats not happening. Not only this, but   former Seahawks player and Green Beret Nate Boyer spoke with Kaeppernick regarding the protest as well, and convinced him to kneel rather than to stay seated on the bench. Why? Respect. We sorta came to a middle ground where he would take a knee alongside his teammates, Boyer says. Soldiers take a knee in front of a fallen brothers grave, you know, to show respect. When were on a patrol, you know, and we go into a security halt, we take a knee, and we pull security.   When asked if Kaeppernick was receptive to his ideas, Boyer described him as very receptive. Very receptive. [Kaeppernick] said, I think that would be I think I think that would be really powerful, Boyer recalls. https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/heres-how-nate-boyer-got-colin-kaepernick-to-go-from-sitting-to-kneeling/ Tweet by NateBoyer37 The decision to kneel during the national anthem was meant to raise awareness about the failure of the United States government to stand for its citizens in extreme cases of injustice; Kaeppernick and the participating players were kneeling at their fallen brothers graves, as Boyer would put it. Furthermore, our national colors, red, white and blue, were chosen as the colors for the flag and seal of the United States for specific reasons.  Charles Thomson, Secretary of the Continental Congress,  explained the significance of the colors to Congress  when he presented the first official United States seal in the late 1770s. White was chosen because it represents purity and innocence; red was chosen because it signifies hardiness and valor; blue was chosen because it represents vigilance, perseverance and  justice. The players participating in the NFL protest were originally refusing to stand for the anthem because they feel that the values represented by the United States flag and anthem were not being upheld and practiced as they shouldve been. In support of this claim, Kaepernick said, Ill continue to sit. Ill continue to stand with the people that are being oppressed. To me, this is something that has to change and when theres significant change and I feel like that flag represents what its supposed to represent and this country is representing people the way that its supposed to, Ill stand. However, the NFL protest evolved after a series of tweets issued by President Trump that called for protesting players to be fired. Trump also tweeted that, the issue of kneeling has nothing to do with race. It is about respect for our Country, Flag, and National Anthem. NFL must respect this! The problem with Trumps tweets is that the protest had almost everything to do with race and always had since its inception. It seems that the entire issue of racism and unjust deaths of black American citizens by the hands of police officers has been understated and replaced with a less uncomfortable argument by accusing the movement of being unpatriotic. The NFL protest suddenly grew in the number of players participating simply because of their desire to demonstrate their first amendment right. President Trumps call to fire NFL players that are protesting is utterly unconstitutional. Additionally, the protest was never aimed at the United States military, the flag or the anthem, but at racia l injustice. The fact that the attention has completely shifted away from the original issue of injustice and police brutality is unsettling. Tweets posted by @realDonaldTrump With the right to freedom of speech comes the responsibility of good judgement regarding what should or shouldnt be said where and when. Ive seen a lot of comments that allude to the idea that athletes should keep their political opinions off the field, the same argument that has been levied against celebrities at award shows and concerts. I understand how realizing that your favorite celebrity or sports team doesnt share your beliefs or values can be difficult. Disagreement is uncomfortable, especially when we disagree on things that are part of our hearts and souls. However, we need to remember that the stand that the NFL players are taking is because reforming the injustice they see and feel in the country they love is part of their hearts and souls, and theres no place of better visibility to raise awareness for their cause than on national television at a football game. Theyre using the best resources they have in order to make a change and raise awareness. Even if you dont agree with the action of sitting down or kneeling during the national anthem, I think its safe to assume that we all want a safe and just criminal justice system for everyone. Nobody deserves to have their life or their loved ones lives stripped away because of someone elses hatred or indifference. Thats what the NFL protests are about: liberty and justice for all,  not anti-patriotism or disrespect.

?? Awesome Dyspraxia Resources For Teachers And Learners

?? Awesome Dyspraxia Resources For Teachers And Learners Awesome Dyspraxia Resources For Teachers And Learners When we talk about Special Educational Needs, or SEN, what’s the first thing that springs to your mind? Dyslexia, ADHD, perhaps even autism. But what about dyspraxia?You might have heard it mentioned in passing, but not really known what it’s all about and so kept quiet. Let’s face it, us humans are pretty proud creatures, we don’t tend to shout about it if we don’t know something. So, what is dyspraxia? Dyspraxia is a developmental disorder that causes the brain to struggle with coordinating things like speech, movement and organisation. Symptoms generally start to show in early childhood, often as excessive clumsiness and will continue into adulthood.Dyspraxia doesn’t affect intelligence, but it can make things like writing, typing, talking and planning tough in the day-to-day life of sufferers.For those that suffer from dyspraxia, some of the most frustrating parts are a lack of public understanding about what the condition actually is and strategies for coping with it . In light of that, we’ve been working with our expert SEN tutors to learn about how they support their students with dyspraxia and the resources they use to provide the most effective dyspraxia tutoring.We’ve compiled a short list of some of the most highly recommended dyspraxia resources for teachers, for parents and for adults and children living with it. Whether you want some practical tips on setting up a training plan, want to read some inspiring and thought-provoking bloggers who are living with the condition, or just want to learn a little more about dyspraxia, there’s a little bit of everything. Read on for some awesome resources! Practical Training PlansSkills for Action The Skills for Action website aims to provide parents and teachers of children with developmental movement conditions, such as dyspraxia, with information and practical suggestions on how to improve fitness and coordination. The goal is to provide all the training needed to enable dyspraxic children to perform the same actions as their classmates, such as sitting at a table for drawing and handwriting tasks, and participating in PE lessons and sporting activities.Included are suggestions for parents, teachers and tutors on providing dyspraxia support in the classroom and at home. The site covers how to decide what activities to include in a training program, how to motivate a reluctant child, how to find time for training in a busy daily schedule, and activities for training muscle strength, balance, agility and basic ball skills. You can check the site out here. OT Mom Learning Activities OT Mom Learning Activities aims to empower parents and teachers by providing photographed activities and information on dyspraxia training. The focus is on helping children develop the skills needed for formal schooling. “I try to keep jargon to a minimum and to explain concepts clearly”Produced by Tracey le Roux, a homeschooling mum with extensive experience in paediatric occupational therapy. Skills covered in Tracey’s site include fine motor, gross motor and coordination, visual perception and visual-motor integration. Handwriting, sensory processing and pencil grip development are also addressed. Tracey’s site has a wealth of information, alongside activities that are easy to follow and great fun to put into practice, all parcelled in a no-nonsense, easily digestible format. This site is a must for anyone with preschool or primary school-aged kids with dyspraxia!Take a look hereBlogsThe Blog With (More Than) One Post Starting off with the intention of writing a single blog post for Dyspraxia Awareness Week, Natalie Williams has now written countless posts, with her blog recently hitting over 160,000 views. Natalie has also appeared on BBC radio to discuss her experiences with the condition and is a champion of increasing awareness of the disorder.Natalie’s blog offers excellent insight into dyspraxia, from a personal perspective. She talks about her personal experiences â€" from everyday tasks to school and university â€" in an attempt to raise awareness of dyspraxia and hopefully help others with dyspraxia along the way. There are some awesome diagrams throughout the blog posts, which either explain specific aspects of dyspraxia or give a broader overview of the condition. We’ve had Natalie’s blog recommended by parents, students and tutors alike for her straightforward explanations and the description of her inspiring journey. For anyone wanting to understand dyspraxia from a personal per spective and see just how much you can do despite the condition, this is the blog for you!Check it out hereThink Outside of The Cardboard Box A common and difficult factor of dyspraxia is the anxiety, depression and low self-esteem that is often experienced in association with the condition.Think Outside of The Cardboard Box is an honest and often uplifting account of some of these effects on Rosie, a blogger and dyspraxia awareness campaigner. In her blog, Rosie talks about her day to day life living with dyspraxia, as well as her anxiety. It talks a lot about the emotional impact, self esteem, confidence and mental health issues that are experienced by sufferers, including Rosie. “I hope it helps other people feel not alone in their journeys. I hope it might help people in education understand especially emotionally how they can help people and the value of empathy and understanding”As an area that is talked about very little when attached to a condition that is under-reported, Rosie’s blog is an important resource for those working with sufferers, especially in education. A very personal account of the ups and dow ns of dyspraxia, the blog is well-worth a read.You can find it hereCharitable CommunitiesDyspraxia Foundation Youth The Dyspraxia Foundation Youth is the daughter-site of the charitable Dyspraxia Foundation. Both sites offer general information on the symptoms of dyspraxia as well as details of fundraising and charitable activities. Dyspraxia Foundation Youth is an excellent resource for young adults dealing with the condition. It offers loads of resources produced by young people with dyspraxia, that helps to limit the feeling of isolation that many sufferers experience. From podcasts, to videos and blog posts, there’s loads of stuff to get your teeth into. The resources are largely experiential, being produced by bloggers or active community members, talking about personal journeys through education, tips for people struggling to get to grips with the social impacts of the condition and personal achievements. There are also some great downloadable fact sheets for tips on dealing with anxiety, managing dyspraxia at university and how and when to disclose your condition to friends or employers.T his is a great site for all those young adults wanting somewhere to share their thoughts with people in a similar situation, or just to get some practical information on the subject.Head over hereSo there you have it, 5 awesome dyspraxia resources!Perhaps you know someone with dyspraxia or you’ve experienced it yourself, or maybe you’ve never heard of it before today!Either way, we hope these resources have shone some light on the subject and will help support your knowledge and experience of the condition.Which resources have you found the most useful? Are there any that we’ve missed off? Let us know in the comments below!

Superior Gunite Tutor Perini - Natural Muscle Building System

Superior Gunite Tutor Perini - Natural Muscle Building SystemSuperior Gunite Tutor Perini is a complete exercise program which has been designed to improve your whole body's physical capabilities. You can achieve a leaner, toned and fit body using this program. This is one of the most effective ways of getting those body building results you want.I worked as a weight trainer and experienced first hand the effects of building mass. I came to find out that mass is only mass if you're not moving it. You need to move it and build muscle mass and build massive muscles for six pack abs, flat stomach and a jacked physique. The result is obvious; you'll be the envy of everyone you know!It is estimated that building muscles will give you an average of six to eight years of extreme physical changes. My friend and I started our own muscle building program at the age of eighteen and we did not stop until we are now. With our own plan we have lost close to twenty-five pounds of weight, developed perfect six pack abs and we still have a toned body!Our system uses supplements with ingredients like green tea, aloe vera, soy protein and honey in order to release natural killer cells in your body. In order to take this supplement, we first need to add it to our food. Now there are some cases where this supplement is not available and it is wise to get hold of one from your local pharmacy. My personal favorite is called Apex Bulk Plus.Superior Gunite Tutor Perini utilizes an eight-week routine which includes muscle-building workouts and a diet plan. Our system is ideal for anybody looking to take control of their lives and become the best they can be.SuperiorGunite Tutor Perini is a complete body workout that utilizes all natural ingredients to help speed up your body's metabolism. It also promotes better blood circulation, burn calories and more!Superior Gunite Tutor Perini has been known for its fast-paced workout and effective diets. It has the latest and best in bodybuilding and nutrition. It is quite a reliable system which have helped many individuals lose weight, build muscle and raise their self-esteem!

The Role of Tutoring in Catching Those College Grades

The Role of Tutoring in Catching Those College GradesThe grade inflation of today's classrooms has prompted many students to find more satisfying ways to spend their time. A growing number of American students find that they do not have the patience to sit through a long essay or a monotonous lecture in order to achieve a high grade. Instead, they will find that tutoring their classmates or fellow students is a better alternative to reaping what they have sown.Campus tutoring can serve as a kind of advertising for those college students who are motivated to work hard and take on more challenges. All of a student's work will be reviewed by an experienced tutor and he will be expected to follow every instruction exactly as if the student had been right there with him. With such scrutiny in mind, students can expect to pay a little more to gain that much-needed C. Some colleges and universities may also offer summer courses, however, and these students will usually be assigned an assist ant to help them complete the coursework. Such tutors are also likely to be more flexible in their assessments.Another way to combat grade inflation is to tutor one's own classmates. Many students simply feel that they are being treated unfairly by the instructor and they will seek out help. These students may also get creative with their assignments, writing as many papers as possible in order to make it appear that they are completing more than they actually are. When they see that their grades are falling short, they will find that they can do a great deal of editing on their own and, possibly, turn in papers that are more polished than those written by their teachers.Tutoring in your community is another way to ensure that your child gets a good grade even when she does not want to do so. Sometimes parents are unaware that their children may feel self-conscious about taking tests and quizzes that others take for granted. Parents may find that their child is more comfortable taki ng online tests or getting help from a tutor online. Though many parents might worry about the expense of having their child take tests, doing so online will cost parents less money than enrolling their child in expensive testing centers.Tutoring is no longer limited to only college campuses. Older children and adults will often look for a way to earn a little extra money, especially since home tutoring can be very affordable. Online tutoring could even be an alternative for mothers who wish to work outside the home.Summer course or distance tutoring can also provide a chance for those students who want to earn a higher grade even if they do not have the motivation to spend the extra time or money. Online tutoring allows those students to work at their own pace, without having to worry about a deadline or attending class on a regular basis.Tutoring is an important aspect of educational success and should not be ignored. When it comes to extra grade inflation, tutoring can be one of the best ways to do it. Whether a student feels uncomfortable or enjoys tutoring others, she will benefit greatly by knowing that she has someone else who understands the classroom environment.

How to Give a School Presentation

How to Give a School Presentation Public speaking is different for everyone. Some people are indifferent to an audience, some embrace a crowd, and some absolutely freeze up when faced with so many staring pairs of eyes. Unfortunately, class presentations will come your way no matter how you feel about them, so public speaking is a skill you need to acquire. Firstly, never think that public speaking can only be mastered by extroverted people. If you are particularly introverted, a little shy, or maybe just even lacking strong self-confidence, that doesnt mean you cant give a great presentation. Anybody can stand up in front of the class and present their material; all it takes is the right state of mind, and the way to arrive at that state of mind is by getting yourself acquainted with a few simple concepts. #1. Make sure you know your material: If you have no idea what youre talking about, then youre certainly not going to feel comfortable presenting it. The first step to nailing any presentation is just like the initial approach to acing any other assignment thoroughly understanding the information. Take the presentation aspect out of the equation for the time being and allow yourself time to fully comprehend and put together this project. Invest your time in researching, organizing, and creating your visual aid if you need one. Just treat this as a regular assignment and dont even worry about the public speaking that youll eventually have to do. Make yourself happy with the project youve created and confident in your knowledge of the topics involved. If you feel good enough about the project itself, presenting it to a group will be ten times easier. #2. Get familiar with the respective environment: Practicing your presentation in an environment similar to that of which youll actually be giving it will ultimately put you much more at ease. For instance, if you know you will be giving this presentation in an auditorium, then it wouldnt make sense to rehearse it in your room. It may be unrealistic to assume you can get into an unused theater of some sort to comfortably practice, but just getting to any larger area would be helpful. Perhaps use your living room or a basement anywhere with a wider amount of space to prepare you for the atmosphere you will be in. Likewise, if you are going to be presenting in a regular sized classroom, using a typical area like your room would work out fine for practicing. The most important factor in all of this, however, is to make sure you are standing in and facing an appropriate direction that you could easily see yourself in during the actual presentation. It is typically a safe idea to situate yourself against the wall and face furniture, just as you would be standing against a blackboard and facing rows of desks. By associating yourself with this environment early on, the spot you will find yourself in on presentation day will be a lot less foreign to you. #3. Organize points, but dont memorize: You should definitely put together an outline of what you are going to say and how you are going to say it, but if you solely memorize a speech, then youre setting yourself up for mishaps. Strictly reciting a bunch of facts will not keep you relaxed; rather, it will keep you tense. An audience can easily pick up on this tension and that will ultimately make you more self-conscious. Remember, your goal here is to communicate your topic with sincerity. A good presentation is genuine and honest, and therefore not memorized an audience can sense fakeness from a mile away. It will be clear to you if your audience is distracted by the awkward or nervous way you are presenting your material, and their collective reaction will probably throw you off more. Avoid this negative domino effect by starting off with a clear plan of what you will be presenting, but also with an honest understanding that lets you get through the material naturally. #4. Remember who your audience is: Usually in these situations, your audience is going to be composed of a classroom of students who arent particularly invested in your presentation anyway. Additionally, all of them are likely to have to give a similar presentation as well. With that being said, take comfort in the fact that the teacher is probably the only one you truly need to worry about impressing. Theres really no need to make yourself nervous about what your peers will think because odds are theyll be daydreaming or worrying about their own presentation during your time in the spotlight. #5. Envision your performance and make it happen: It sounds simple, but this little method can be very effective. If you show up on presentation day with no clue how things are going to go, youll probably find yourself stumbling through your words. But if you come prepared with goals that you are determined to reach, you are more likely to showcase them perfectly. Have a clear idea in your head of how long your presentation should and will be, what points you will go over, where you will focus eye contact, how you will incorporate any visual aids, etc. If you show up with a plan, the process will be yours to conquer. At this point, nothing but nerves are in your way. Wipe those out by proving to yourself that you can execute your vision successfully.

9 Ways To Stay Mentally Strong In Your Busy Life

Introvert Whisperer / 9 Ways To Stay Mentally Strong In Your Busy Life 9 Ways To Stay Mentally Strong In Your Busy Life Evelyn Kail April 4, 2017 Adaptability, Emotional Intelligence No responses Mental strength is a concept that many people should strive to possess. With strong mental capacity, you help yourself become more aware and functional in a busy life. You take each moment with a grain of salt and prioritize the things that are worth your attention. Mentally strong individuals also focus on themselves more than others. Meaning, they care more about how they are bettering themselves versus trying to change other people. So, they care more about the things that are in their control. Go figure, right? Here are some ways you, too, can train yourself to be mentally strong. Get Sufficient Sleep Sleep is the most underutilized resource. Our minds are so wired with to-do lists and outings with the family that we forget to hit the hay for at least 6 ½ to 8 hours a night. Logging recommended hours of sleep a night guarantees that your body will replenish and rejuvenate. When given the chance to sleep and rebuild, we thus build a stronger mental capacity and well-being. Admitting Fault This may seem counterintuitive, but knowing when you are at fault makes the difference between a strong and weak mental state. You become humble and reflect on the things that could have been done differently. In fact, people will remember you more for how you stood up to this notion as well as how you recovered from it. That is far more important than holding onto pride. Exercise For Health Exercising has an enormous amount of benefits but the top priority should be for the benefit of your overall health. Yes, vanity is a plus, but being able to walk long distances without losing your breath or carrying those loads of grocery bags into the house without breaking a sweat are definitive ways to get you moving. Plus, you’ll spend less time at the doctor’s office and more vacations, instead. Even if you have to go slow by starting your workout on a treadmill, its still more than you did yesterday. Journaling to Free Your Mind Writing things down not only channel your inner, deeper thoughts, but it can serve as a great tool to get your mind organized. With so many things you have to remember and do with your brain, its nice being able to map out to-do lists or express emotions when it all feels a little chaotic upstairs. Meditation for a Healthy Mind Morning mantras are an effective way to start each day with positivity and great health. Many tend to overlook the need to mentally take care of the mind, body and soul. Making a habit of waking up each day or even right before bed with meditating can significantly improve and sustain your mental health. Try taking deep breaths and centering your thoughts on positivity. Over time, you’ll notice a great deal of self-awareness and well-being. Vacation Book that weekend getaway youve been meaning to for so long. Or, study abroad in another country. Experience more things around you whilst taking a break from your everyday reality, so to speak. Plus, you’ll get a chance to meet new people and see new things. More knowledge and experience are always the perfect way to broaden perspective. Keep Your Commitments When you make a commitment, be sure to stick to it. Whether it be showing up to your friend’s bridal shower or meeting a deadline for work, you will always be loomed with the regret of saying you will go, but didn’t. Nothing is worse than when someone breaks a promise to you, so dont fall into the same shoes. Commitments hold you accountable and when you fulfill them, they also help you feel accomplished and warranted for your efforts. Do Nice Unto Others You cant say it doesnt feel good when you can to do nice things for others. Its also mentally gratifying when those good deeds are for those much less fortunate than you. Community service can be such a great way for you to spend your time and remind you to appreciate things you already have. Every now and then, people forget about those who struggle when they are busy reaping in their own successes. Your success is by no means a punishment, rather it should be seen as a catalyst to help others not quite there yet. Let Go or Be Dragged If you continue to let the little things bother you, you will only feed into the negativity that surrounds it. You are in control of your own emotions. So, you can choose how to react to any situation and determine whether its worth any more of your time. Otherwise, let it go and move on. Chances are, the people on the other side of that have done it already. If it isn’t worth your time, find something that is and this too shall pass.